Eating Dangerously Page 21

  Sanitize surfaces and the sink with a mixture of one tablespoon of bleach in one gallon of water, or another store-bought disinfectant.

  Eat leftovers within three days and cut fruit within a day. Older advice that leftovers can last a week is being discarded by some state university kitchens.

  At normal temperatures, cooked food can be left on counters about four hours. In temperatures above 90 degrees, put it away within two hours.

  Notes

  Chapter 1

  1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, “Multistate Outbreak of Listeriosis Linked to Whole Cantaloupes from Jensen Farms, Colorado.” Last modified August 27, 2012. Accessed April 2013. http://www.cdc.gov/listeria/outbreaks/cantaloupes-jensen-farms/082712/.

  2. Consumer Reports, “How Safe Is That Chicken? Most Tested Broilers Were Contaminated.” Last modified January 2010. Accessed April 2013. http://www.consumerreports.org/cro/2012/05/how-safe-is-that-chicken/index.htm.

  3. James Andrews, Food Safety News, “‘Restaurant A’ Revealed to Be Taco Bell.” Last modified February 2, 2012. Accessed April 2013. http://www.foodsafetynews.com/2012/02/analysis-restaurant-a-revealed-to-be-taco-bell/; “Acute Disease Service Summary of Supplemental Questionnaire Responses Specific to Taco Bell Exposure of Oklahoma Outbreak-Associated Cases Multistate Salmonella Enteritidis Outbreak Investigation November 2011–January 2012,” Oklahoma Department of Health Acute Disease Service. Accessed July 2013.

  4. Joel L. Greene, Congressional Research Service, “Lean Finely Textured Beef: The ‘Pink Slime’ Controversy,” April 6, 2012.

  5. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, “Estimates of Foodborne Illness in the United States.” Last modified February 2013. Accessed April 2013. http://www.cdc.gov/foodborneburden/.

  6. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, “Infections from Some Foodborne Germs Increased, While Others Remained Unchanged in 2012.” Last modified April 2013. Accessed April 2013. http://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2013/p0418-foodborne-germs.html.

  7. U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Interviews, by Michael Booth. September 2011.

  8. U.S. House of Representatives, Committee on Energy and Commerce, “Report on the Investigation of the Outbreak of Listeria monocytogenes in Cantaloupe at Jensen Farms.” Last modified January 2012. Accessed November 2012.

  9. Ibid.

  10. Michael Booth, “Listeria Outbreak Traced to Colorado Leaves Damaged Survivors in Its Wake.” Denver Post, December 1, 2011. http://www.denverpost.com/news/ci_19445309.

  11. Lucia Graves, “Senate Passes Sweeping Food-Safety Bill.” Huffington Post, Last modified November 30, 2010. Accessed April 2013. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/11/30/senate-passes-sweeping-fo_n_789771.html.

  12. Steven Grossman, “FDA Matters: The Grossman FDA Report,” interview by Michael Booth, March 2013.

  13. Michael Booth, “FDA Seeks Millions for Food Safety in Wake of Colorado Listeria Outbreak.” Denver Post, February 13, 2012.

  14. Cindy Galli, ABC News, “Budget Cuts Will Kill Safety Program That Caught Salmonella, E. coli, Listeria Outbreaks.” Last modified July 11, 2012. Accessed April 2013.

  15. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, “Investigation Announcement: Multistate Outbreak of Salmonella Enteritidis Infections Linked to Restaurant Chain A.” Last modified January 2012. Accessed April 2013. http://www.cdc.gov/salmonella/restaurant-enteriditis/011912/.

  16. JoNel Aleccia, NBC News.com, “Taco Bell Was Behind Latest Salmonella Outbreak, Oklahoma Says.” Last modified February 1, 2012. Accessed April 2013.

  17. Michael Booth, “FDA Criticized for Food Illness Probes, Secrecy.” Denver Post, April 13, 2012.

  18. U.S. Representative Henry Waxman, statement as chairman, Committee on Energy and Commerce, “The Outbreak of Salmonella in Eggs,” Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations, September 22, 2010.

  19. U.S. Food and Drug Administration, “483 Inspectional Observations on the Egg Recall.” Last modified August 26, 2010. Accessed April 2013. http://www.fda.gov/Safety/Recalls/MajorProductRecalls/ucm223522.htm.

  20. Mary Clare Jalonick, “Egg Company Chiefs Give Congress Few Answers.” AP, printed by U-T San Diego, September 22, 2010.

  21. Gardiner Harris, “Egg Producer Says His Business Grew Too Quickly.” New York Times, September 22, 2010.

  22. Jennifer Brown, “Ill Girl’s Highlands Ranch Family Sues over Dough.” Denver Post, June 24, 2009.

  23. Jeannine Stein, “The Culprit in a Cookie Dough E. coli Outbreak Could Be Raw Flour.” Los Angeles Times, December 9, 2011.

  24. Ibid.

  25. U.S. Food and Drug Administration, “Peanut Butter and Other Peanut Containing Products Recall List.” Last modified October 2009. Accessed November 2012. http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/peanutbutterrecall/index.cfm.

  26. Michael Booth and Jennifer Brown, “Listeria Outbreak Victims Go Beyond Farm to Target Grocers, Auditors.” Denver Post, November 7, 2011. Accessed November 2012. http://www.denverpost.com/news/ci_19279433.

  27. CBS News, “Peanut CEO Takes the Fifth.” Last modified September 9, 2010. Accessed April 2013.

  28. Julie Schmit, USA Today, “Peanut Boss Refuses to Testify at Salmonella Hearing.” February 12, 2009. Accessed August 2013.

  29. CBS News, “Peanut CEO Takes the Fifth.”

  30. Michael Booth and Jennifer Brown, “Criminal Charges Hard to Pin on Farm Where Listeria-Tainted Cantaloupes Originated.” Denver Post, November 21, 2011.

  31. The Associated Press, “AP Exclusive: Owner of peanut company linked to 9 salmonella deaths is back in business.” September 8, 2010, as published by FoxNews.com. Accessed November 2013.

  32. Sabin Russell, “Spinach E. coli Linked to Cattle.” SF Gate/San Francisco Chronicle, October 13, 2006.

  33. California Food Emergency Response Team, “Investigation of an Escherichia coli O157:H7 Outbreak Associated with Dole Pre-Packaged Spinach.” Last modified March 2007. Accessed November 2012. http://cdm16254.contentdm.oclc .org/cdm/ref/collection/p178601ccp2/id/1121.

  34. Herb Weisbaum, MSNBC, republished by MarlerClark, “E. coli Aftermath: Where Is the Accountability?” Last modified October 24, 2006. Accessed April 2013. http://www.marlerclark.com/case_news/detail/e-coli-aftermath-where-is-the-accountability.

  35. Jeff Benedict, Poisoned: The True Story of the Deadly E. coli Outbreak That Changed the Way Americans Eat (Buena Vista, VA: Inspire Books, 2011).

  36. Bill Marler, MarlerClark law firm, Seattle, interview by Michael Booth, December 2011; Elaine Porterfield and Adam Berliant Mcclatchy, printed in Spokane Spokesman-Review, “Jack in the Box Ignored Food Safety Regulations, Court Documents Say.” Last modified June 17, 1995. Accessed August 2013.

  37. Benedict, Poisoned.

  Chapter 2

  1. Center for Food Safety and Center for Environmental Health, Plaintiffs, v. Margaret A. Hamburg, M.D., Commissioner of U.S. Food and Drug Administration, et al., “Complaint for Declaratory and Injunctive Relief,” CV-12-4529, U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California. Last modified August 29, 2012. Accessed December 2012.

  2. Michael Booth and Jennifer Brown, “Producers Seldom Hear of Food-Safety Issues from Their Private Auditors.” Denver Post, October 30, 2011.

  3. Dina ElBoghdady, “Produce-Safety Testing Program on Chopping Block.” Washington Post, July 12, 2012. Accessed December 2012. http://www.wash ingtonpost.com/business/economy/produce-safety-testing-program-on-chopping-block/2012/07/12/gJQAHdHWgW_story.html.

  4. Renee Johnson, Congressional Research Service, “The Federal Food Safety System: A Primer.” Last modified January 11, 2011. Accessed December 2012.

  5. Johnson, Congressional Research Service.

  6. Booth and Brown, “Producers Seldom Hear of Food Safety Issues.”

  7. Robert Stovicek, president of PrimusLabs, i
nterviewed by Michael Booth, October 2011.

  8. Michael Booth, “Private Audit at Jensen Farms before Listeria Outbreak Failed to Flag Woes.” Denver Post, October 21, 2011.

  9. U.S. House of Representatives, Committee on Energy and Commerce, “Report.”

  10. U.S. Food and Drug Administration, “Environmental Assessment: Factors Potentially Contributing to the Contamination of Fresh Whole Cantaloupe Implicated in a Multi-State Outbreak of Listeriosis.” Last modified October 19, 2011. Accessed December 2012. http://www.fda.gov/Food/RecallsOutbreaksEmergencies/Outbreaks/ucm276247.htm.

  11. U.S. House of Representatives, Committee on Energy and Commerce, “Report.”

  12. U.S. Food and Drug Administration, “Guidance for Industry: Guide to Minimize Microbial Food Safety Hazards of Melons; Draft Guidance.” Last modified July 2009. Accessed December 2012. http://www.fda.gov/Food/Guidance Regulation/GuidanceDocumentsRegulatoryInformation/ProducePlantProducts/ucm174171.htm.

  13. Center for Food Safety, et al., lawsuit.

  14. PrimusLabs, “Audit Certificate, Jensen Farms.” Last modified July 25, 2011. Accessed October 2011.

  15. Stovicek, interview.

  16. D. A. Powell et al., “Audits and Inspections Are Never Enough: A Critique to Enhance Food Safety.” Food Control 30, no. 2 (2013): 686–91.

  17. Will Daniels, chief of quality and food safety, Earthbound Farm, interview by Michael Booth, January 2013.

  18. California Food Emergency Response Team, “Investigation of an Escherichia coli O157:H7 Outbreak Associated with Dole Pre-Packaged Spinach.” Last modified March 2007. Accessed November 2012.

  19. Ashlee Litkey, victim of E. coli food poisoning, interview by Michael Booth, February 2013.

  20. Ibid.

  21. Daniels, interview.

  22. David Gombas, vice president, food safety and technology, United Fresh Produce Trade Association, interview by Michael Booth, October 2011.

  23. Cindy Galli, ABC News, “Budget Cuts Will Kill Safety Program That Caught Salmonella, E. coli, and Listeria Outbreaks.” July 11, 2012.

  24. U.S. Food and Drug Administration, “FDA Warns Consumers Not to Eat Cantaloupes from Burch Equipment LLC of North Carolina.” Last modified August 2012. Accessed January 2013. http://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm313743.htm.

  25. FoxNews.com, “Obama Promises Thorough Review of FDA after Salmonella Outbreak Sickens Hundreds.” Accessed August 2013. http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2009/02/02/obama-promises-thorough-review-fda-salmonella-out break-sickens-hundreds/.

  26. Department of Health and Human Services, 2013 Budget Request, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 113. Accessed August 2013. www.cdc.gov/fmo/topic/Budget%20Information/appropriations_budget_form_pdf/FY2013_CDC_CJ_Final.pdf.

  27. Booth and Brown, “Producers Seldom Hear of Food-Safety Issues.”

  28. Sandra Eskin, director, Food Safety Campaign, Pew Health Group, interview by Michael Booth, January 2013.

  29. Booth, “FDA Seeks Millions.”

  30. U.S. Food and Drug Administration, “Transforming Food Safety, FDA FY 2013 Budget.” Last modified 2012. Accessed February 2013.

  31. Ibid.

  32. National Association of County and City Health Officials, “More Than Half of Local Health Departments Cut Services in First Half of 2011.” Last modified October 2011. Accessed January 2013. http://www.naccho.org/press/releases/100411.cfm.

  33. Alfred Almanza, U.S. Department of Agriculture, “Setting the Record Straight on the Proposed Chicken Inspection Policy.” Last modified April 2012. Accessed January 2013. http://www.fsis.usda.gov/News_&_Events/NR_041312_01/index.asp.

  34. Gabriel Thompson, “New Rules Mean New Hardship for Poultry Workers.” The Nation, April 25, 2012. http://www.thenation.com/article/167561/new-rules-mean-new-hardship-poultry-workers/.

  35. Ibid.

  36. Office of Inspector General, U.S. Department of Agriculture, “Application of FSIS Sampling Protocol for Testing Beef Trim for E. coli 0157:H7.” Last modified May 2012. Accessed April 2013.

  37. Michael Booth, “FDA Warns Colorado Cantaloupe Farms They Will Be Tested in 2013.” Denver Post, February 25, 2013.

  38. Nature.com, “Starvation Diet: A Severe Approach to Slashing US Spending Bodes Ill for the Research Enterprise.” Last modified February 27, 2013. Accessed April 6, 2013.

  Chapter 3

  1. Jennifer Brown and Michael Booth. “Initial Suspicion of Listeria Outbreak Led to Far-Reaching Investigation.” Denver Post, September 22, 2011. http://www .denverpost.com/breakingnews/ci_18952250.

  2. Lauran Neergaard, “CDC Chief: Spending Cuts Threaten Public Health.” Associated Press, February 22, 2013. http://bigstory.ap.org/article/cdc-chief-spending-cuts-threaten-public-health.

  3. CDC, “Multistate Outbreak of Listeriosis Linked to Whole Cantaloupes from Jensen Farms, Colorado.” Last modified August 27, 2012. http://www.cdc.gov/listeria/outbreaks/cantaloupes-jensen-farms/index.html.

  4. Alicia Cronquist, epidemiologist, Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment, interview by Jennifer Brown, February 2013.

  5. “A Colorado Cantaloupe Saga,” Association of Public Health Laboratories. Accessed April 18, 2013. http://www.aphl.org/aboutaphl/success/listeria/pages/default.aspx.

  6. Brown and Booth, “Initial Suspicion of Listeria Outbreak Led to Far-Reaching Investigation.”

  7. Laura Gieraltowski, epidemiologist, CDC, interview by Jennifer Brown, January 2013.

  8. CDC, “Multistate Outbreak of Salmonella Bredeney Infections Linked to Peanut Butter Manufactured by Sunland, Inc. (Final Update).” Last modified November 30, 2012. http://www.cdc.gov/salmonella/bredeney-09-12/.

  9. Mary Clare Jalonick, “FDA Halts Operations at Peanut Butter Plant Linked to Salmonella Outbreak.” Associated Press, November 26, 2012.

  10. Jeri Clausing, “Deal Reached to Reopen NM Peanut Butter Plant.” Associated Press, December 21, 2012.

  11. Oklahoma State Department of Health, s.v. “Acute Disease Service Summary of Supplemental Questionnaire Responses Specific to Taco Bell Exposure of Oklahoma Outbreak-associated Cases Multistate Salmonella Enteritidis Outbreak Investigation November 2011–January 2012.” And James Andrews, “Analysis: “Restaurant A’” Revealed to Be Taco Bell.” Food Safety News, February 2, 2012.

  12. CDC, “Multistate Outbreak of Salmonella Enteritidis Infections Linked to Restaurant Chain A.” Last modified January 19, 2012. http://www.cdc.gov/salmo nella/restaurant-enteriditis/011912/.

  13. Lawrence Burnsed, Oklahoma Department of Health, interview by Jennifer Brown, November 2012.

  14. CDC, “CDC Investigation Announcement: Multistate Outbreaks of Human Salmonella Hartford and Salmonella Baildon Infections.” Last modified August 4, 2010. http://www.cdc.gov/salmonella/baildon-hartford/index.html.

  15. Taco Bell, “Statement Regarding October–November 2011 Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Investigation.” Last modified February 2, 2012. http://www.tacobell.com/Company/newsreleases/feb22012statement.

  16. Michael Booth, “FDA Criticized for Food Illness Probes, Secrecy.” Denver Post, April 13, 2012.

  17. Booth, “FDA Criticized for Food Illness Probes, Secrecy.”

  Chapter 4

  1. Pew Health Group, “Food Import Safety: Food Safety Modernization Act.” Last modified October 19, 2011. Accessed April 2013. http://www.pewtrusts.org/our_work_report_detail.aspx?id=85899365446.

  2. Hannah Gould et al., Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, “CDC Research Shows Outbreaks Linked to Imported Foods Increasing.” Last modified March 14, 2012. Accessed April 2013. http://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2012/p0314_foodborne.html.

  3. U.S. Food and Drug Administration, “Pathway to Global Product Safety and Quality.” Last modified July 7, 2011. Accessed April 2013. http://www.fda.gov/downloads/AboutFDA/Ce
ntersOffices/OfficeofGlobalRegulatoryOperationsand Policy/GlobalProductPathway/UCM262528.pdf.

  4. Ibid.

  5. Robert Buchanan, University of Maryland, director of the Center for Food Safety and Security Systems, interview by Michael Booth, November 2012.

  6. Buchanan, interview.

  7. Anna Yukhananov, “FDA Tests Threaten Brazil Orange Juice Imports.” Reuters, Online edition, January 11, 2012.

  8. Brad Racino, “Flood of Food Imported to U.S., But Only 2 Percent Inspected.” News21, October 3, 2011. http://www.nbcnews.com/id/44701433/.

  9. Stephanie Armour, John Lippert, and Michael Smith, “Food Sickens Millions as Company-Paid Checks Find It Safe.” Bloomberg Markets Magazine, October 10, 2012.

  10. Michael Doyle, University of Georgia regents professor of Food Microbiology Director, Center for Food Safety, interview by Michael Booth, November 2012.

  11. Nguyen Dieu Tu Uyen and William Bi, “Asian Seafood Raised on Pig Feces Approved for U.S. Consumers.” Bloomberg Markets Magazine, October 10, 2012.

  12. Doyle, interview.

  13. U.S. Food and Drug Administration, “Melamine Contamination in China.” Last modified January 5, 2009. Accessed December 2013. http://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/PublicHealthFocus/ucm179005.htm.

  14. Fred Gale and Jean C. Buzby, U.S. Department of Agriculture, “Imports from China and Food Safety Issues.” Last modified July 2009. Accessed December 2012. http://www.ers.usda.gov/media/156008/eib52_1_.pdf.

  15. Paul Mooney, “The Story Behind China’s Tainted Milk Scandal.” U.S. News & World Report, October 9, 2008. Accessed December 2013. http://www.usnews.com/news/world/articles/2008/10/09/the-story-behind-chinas-tainted-milk-scandal?page=3.

  16. Jim Yardley, “More Candy from China, Tainted, Is in U.S.” New York Times, October 1, 2008.

  17. Tania Branigan, “China Executes Two for Tainted Milk Scandal.” Guardian, November 24, 2009. Accessed April 2013. http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2009/nov/24/china-executes-milk-scandal-pair.

  18. FDA, “Melamine Pet Food Recall—Frequently Asked Questions.” Last modified 2009. Accessed April 2013. http://www.fda.gov/animalveterinary/safetyhealth/RecallsWithdrawals/ucm129932.htm.